- Compression (physical), the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress
- Compression member, a class of structural elements, of which a column is the most common specific example
- Compressibility, a measure of volume change resulting from pressure
- Gas compression, raising the pressure and reducing the volume of gases
- Compression ratio, a figure of merit of an internal-combustion engine
- Compression (geology), a system of forces that tend to decrease the volume of rocks
- In information science
- Data compression, the process of encoding digital information using fewer bits
- Audio compression (data), the compression of digital audio streams and files
- Bandwidth compression, a reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit
- Compression artifact, noticeable defects in audio or video that has been compressed
- Image compression, the application of data compression on digital images
- Video compression, the compression of digital video streams and files
- Dynamic range compression, a compression process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal
- One-way compression function, a cryptographic primitive
- In engineering
- Gain compression, in electronic amplifiers, a reduction in differential or slope gain resulting from device non-linearity
- In medicine
- Brain compression, a potentially fatal condition where pressure is exerted on the brain by internal bleeding
- Compression bandage, a bandage that uses compression to reduce the flow of blood
- Compression in pyelography involves pressing on the lower abdominal area, resulting in distension of the upper urinary tract.[1]
- In mathematics
- Compression (functional analysis), the compression of a linear operator "T" on a Hilbert space to a subspace "K" is the operator
- Other
- Compression (phonetics), running syllables together in informal speech
- Compression (zoology) when an animal, or part of an animal, is shorter or narrower compared with other animals in the same group; e.g. the body of a lizard may be "compressed" (flattened) so it can better fit into crevices under rocks
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